All that is necessary for PowerPivot workbook support is an Analysis Services server running in what is now called “PowerPivot Mode”.
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Technically, this was possible in SharePoint 2013, but it was far from obvious as to how to make it happen. It is now possible to support the data model with having first installed the PowerPivot for SharePoint service application. With the deprecation of Excel Services in SharePoint 2016, this support moves to Office Online Server 2016 (OOS), and with it, some further decoupling. An entry for each SSAS server running in SharePoint mode simply needed to be added to the Excel Services service application (the “BI Servers”), and they would automatically be used for any embedded PowerPivot models. Beginning with SharePoint 2013 and SQL Server 2012 SP1 it became possible to separate the two components, allowing for greater scalability. The PowerPivot for SharePoint that shipped with SQL Server 2008 R2, and with 2012 prior to SP1 would install both components on to a SharePoint server.
Initially, these two components came as a single product, PowerPivot for SharePoint, available on the SQL Server install media. The other component was a SharePoint shared service application that provided for the scheduled refresh of workbooks and an administrative dashboard. The first component was a special, and mostly hidden instance of SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) running in what came to be known as SharePoint mode.
This support was initially provided via PowerPivot for SharePoint, which was comprised of two major components. SharePoint has supported PowerPivot enabled workbooks since they were first introduced with the initial PowerPivot for Excel Add-On.